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PITTSBURGH, PA. 



[library of congress] 

Twe Copies Received 

MAR 2 1304 

Copyright Sntry 



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To those who enjoy and ap- 
preciate a good hostelry 
this book is cordially dedi- 
cated. 

HOTEL HENRY 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 

February, 1904 




Pittsburgh in 1904 





Pittsburgh in i 8 i 7 




HOTEL HENRY 

PITTSBURGH, PENNA. 




S^.%26 





J^otel 



Upon a commanding site in the very heart 
of Pittsburgh, that glowing metropoHs of un- 
tiring industry, stands a pre-eminent contri- 
bution to the city's greatness. It is a massive 
structure, eleven stories in height, of inde- 
structible steel, stone and terra cotta, and 
bears the title of the Hotel Henry. Monu- 
mental, though unpretentious, in the solidity 
of its exterior elevation, it contains within its 
walls a wealth of architectural design, artistic 
embellishment, and the acme of perfection 
in the vehicles of service. Strong though 
the statement may appear, yet it is boldly 
made, that under no other roof in the world 
can be found a more comprehensive con- 
tribution to ease, comfort, convenience and 
utility. From sub-cellar to roof, science, 
mechanism and human endeavor are made 
subservient to the beck and call of mortal 
desire. 

The Hotel Henry has been styled a struc- 
ture of specific features, and the foremost of 
these is its fire-proof construction. Every 
girder, joist and rafter is of non-expansive 
steel, every partition is of terra cotta, every 



floor of marble, tile or cement, and every 
stairway of iron. It is absolutely fire-proof. 
While every precaution has been taken to 
insure absolute protection to life and prop- 
erty, an equal measure of attention has been 
devoted to safeguarding health. A fortune 
has been expended to make the plumbing of 
the Hotel Henry a model of sanitary excel- 
lence. Each room in the house is provided 
with a stationary wash-stand supplied with hot 
and cold water, and two hundred apartments 
are connected with thoroughly equipped bath 
and toilet annexes. The floors and walls of 
the toilet rooms are composed of white enam- 
eled tile, the tubs are porcelain, and all sup- 
ports and water pipes are of highly polished 
nickel. The most modern system of ventila- 
tion prevails in each apartment. It may be 
stated as a matter of interest that the plumb- 
ing feature of the Hotel Henry called for an 
outlay of over one hundred and fifty thousand 
dollars. Another feature designed for the 
safeguarding of health is the filtration, vapor- 
izing and refrigerating plants. Every drop 
of water used in the house passes through 
the latest and most scientifically constructed 
filters. That used for drinking and culinary 
purposes is vaporized, and every ounce of 
ice used in the premises is the congelation 
of the same purified element. 




Lobby, Hotel Henry 



Light and heat comprise a duo of features 
that add to the Henry's pre-eminence. Illum- 
ination is obtained from electricity, and heat 
from steam, and both are dispensed lavishly. 
The smallest guest chamber is supplied with 
four incandescent lamps of sixteen-candle 
power each, while the larger rooms are al- 
lotted a proportionate increase commensu- 
rate with their dimensions. 

The Hotel Henry has the largest and most 
perfectly equipped private telephone ex- 
change in the world, and the volume of busi- 
ness transacted therein exceeds that of many 
towns of 10,000 inhabitants. Four hundred and 
eighty-seven long distance telephones are in 
service throughout the hotel, thereby giving 
every room and every department instant 
intercommunication and placing them in im- 
mediate touch with the outer world. The 
maintenance of this exchange requires the 
services of eight experienced operatives and 
two cashiers. It is never closed, its employ- 
ment is continuous throughout the twenty- 
four hours of every day, so that at any minute 
a guest may be placed in conversational con- 
nection with the house officers, or, as is often 
done, with his family in some far distant part 
of the country. 

The Hotel Henry contains upwards of four 
hundred rooms, arranged singly or en suite. 
There are four suites, consisting of parlor, 



boudoir and bath, whose richness and artistic 
atmosphere compel especial mention. Each 
is furnished with a lavishness bordering on 
prodigality. The golden canopied beds with 
their wealth of linen, fleece and down; the 
deep napped carpets into which the foot 
sinks as into velvety moss; the satin-covered 
and gilt-framed sofas and chairs; the golden 
tables and tabourettes; the frescoed walls 
and ceilings; the fairy weaves of web-like 
lace that hides and yet reveals the deep-seated 
casements — all tend to inspire a dreamy vision 
of opulent magnificence. Presenting a lesser 
degree of grandeur, but still maintaining a 
princely individuality, are twelve apartments 
designated the Napoleon chambers. Space, 
airiness, solidity and comfort are the prin- 
cipal components of these tributes to the 
memory of the Little Corporal. The big, 
broad, low-framed structure of mahogany, 
with its equality of head and foot board, and 
its mountain of bedding, which is popularly 
supposed to have constituted the great Cor- 
sican's ideal of somnambulent paradise, is 
naturally the most conspicuous object in the 
Napoleon chamber. The accompanying fur- 
nishments are in consistent accord with the 
masterpiece and create a combination pleas- 
ing to the eye and richly restful in its sug- 
gestion of repose. The walls and ceilings of 
the Napoleon chambers are covered with the 



10 




Lobby, Showing Business Offices 



11 




12 



choicest specimen of the wall-paper maker's 
art, and in this respect differ from the deco- 
rative design otherwise employed. In all 
other apartments the walls and ceilings are 
tinted and frescoed, thus combining sanitary 
consideration with artistic ornamentation. 
While particular mention has been made of 
certain suites and apartments, it is almost 
superfluous to dwell upon the general fur- 
nishment in vogue throughout the house, 
the fact being self-evident that the liberality 
displayed in creating this model hostelry 
would not halt in providing for the ease, 
comfort and aesthetic taste of its patrons. 

In presenting the many characteristic at- 
tractions of the Hotel Henry, care has been 
taken to give precedence to those features 
that are naturally of the greatest interest to 
all who may take up their temporary habita- 
tion beneath its roof. The security, comfort 
and convenience of its guests is its first and 
greatest consideration; the elements that ap- 
peal chiefly to the eye and senses, many and 
varied though they be, have purposely been 
given secondary consideration. 

As a practical illustration of the possibili- 
ties of its cuisine and service, the Hotel 
Henry on one occasion, and at one sitting, 
served luncheon to 1,346 persons, and at 
another time carried to a successful and 
satisfactory issue the simultaneous service of 



13 




X 

h 
< 



14 



four separate and distinct banquets. Eight 
magnificent saloons are devoted to the dis- 
ciples of Epicurus. These are known as the 
Grand Cafe, the Grill, the Crystal Restaur- 
ant, the Moss Rose, the Red Lodge, the 
Flemish Court, the Green Saloon, and the 
Banquet Hall. The Grand Cafe is hand- 
somely decorated and arranged; it opens 
from a lobby and has a seating capacity of 
400. The Grill is also on the first floor and 
will accommodate 60 persons. The entire 
second floor, with the exception of a recep- 
tion hall and a ladies' parlor, is dedicated to 
the artistic glorification of the science of gas- 
tronomy. Upon this plane is the majestic 
banquet hall, 150 feet in length, 80 feet in 
width and 60 feet from floor to ceiling, lav- 
ishly decorated, dazzlingly bright in its illum- 
ination, perfect in its acoustic properties, an 
ideal surrounding for the feast of reason and 
the flow of soul. Eight hundred persons 
may be seated within its hospitable walls. 
The Green Saloon, a commodious hall, airy 
and roomy, is equipped for the entertain- 
ment of 112 persons, although its actual 
capacity is much greater. The Moss Rose 
room, the Red Lodge and the Flemish Court 
are bowers of beauty, furnished and deco- 
rated as their titles would imply. The Cry- 
stal or Ladies' Restaurant is a triumph of 
scintillation, the embodiment of brilHancy, 



15 



fairly revelling in the spectacular glamor of 
unstinted richness and yet preserving the 
inviolable modesty of good form and taste. 
From floor to ceiling its walls are completely 
covered with the heaviest French plate mir- 
rors, in which is reflected the glow of hun- 
dreds of incandescent lights. Magnificence 
and consistent discrimination prevail in every 
detail of its furnishment, in its snowy napery, 
its service of sterling and Haviland, and in 
the refinement of its attendance. The con- 
tributory cuisine is a marvel of culinary 
completeness. It contains every appliance 
designed for the artistic and scientific prep- 
aration of food, and their manipulation is 
entrusted only to masters. 

In these days of liberal ideas it is generally 
conceded that a bar is a necessary adjunct of 
a hotel, and one that may be mentioned with- 
out offense. In the regulation of this depart- 
ment the utmost care is constantly exerted 
to eliminate every objectionable feature and 
to present to the public a resort pleasing to 
the eye, agreeable to the senses, and con- 
ducive of good cheer and sociability. It is 
elegantly appointed, beautifully decorated, 
and stocked with only the best and purest 
products of the still, vat and press. 

Adjacent to the bar is the Dutch room, 
a buffet with floor of Holland terra cotta tile, 
walls of dark enameled Belgium tile, and a 



16 




17 




18 



ceiling crossed and recrossed with massive 
oaken beams. Heavy and solidly built chairs 
and tables, and high backed leather-covered 
settees, so arranged as to form stalls, consti- 
tute the furniture of this cozy retreat. Its 
decorations consist of appropriate pictures 
and hundreds of steins varying from three 
inches to two feet in height. The illumina- 
tion of the Dutch room and the fixtures 
employed for that purpose are original and 
unique, and form one of its chief attractions. 
Fastened upon the side walls are a dozen 
hand-wrought iron arms, and from the hook 
of each there swings a squat, iron framed 




Red Rooi^ 



19 




Rose Room 

lantern, its sides crossed with thin iron bands 
and encased in heavy glass. These lanterns 
were actually in use in Holland years ago, 
and the softened glow of light emanating 
from their ribbed sides is suggestive of the 
freshly trimmed candles that served to illu- 
minate the sedate conviviality of congenial 
Dutchmen long since sleeping with their 
forefathers. 

Hanging from the centre and either end 
of the ceiling are heavy chains of black iron, 



20 




Crystal Room 
Flemish Room 



21 




Ladies' Parlor 

with links hammered into shape by the sturdy 
hand of some dead and forgotten Dutch 
blacksmith. These chains support an iron 
hoop from which dangle more dimly glow- 
ing lanterns. The centre hanging is the 
more elaborate of this transplanted relic of 
old Holland days, as in addition to its swing- 
ing lights it is decorated with several leather 
tassels, and upon its iron hoop stand stacked 
four guns of ancient make and service. 

Although the Hotel Henry towers two 
hundred and fifty feet in the air, it has been 
found necessary to delve deep into the earth 



22 



to secure space for certain of its require- 
ments. One part of its first subterranean 
floor is devoted to the use of its patrons and 
includes the lavatories and toilets, the barber 
shop, and billiard room. The toilet room is 
encased entirely in marble and is a model of 
sanitary plumbing, ventilation, and scrupu- 
lous cleanliness. 

The barber shop is one of the handsomest 
and best appointed in existence. Its fur- 
nishings are of the very latest model, and its 
operatives are acknowledged masters of the 
tonsorial art. In connection with the barber 
shop is a manicure parlor in charge of a mas- 
ter of the digital science. 

The billiard room is a commodious apart- 
ment, containing fifteen billiard and pool 
tables, and five tables devoted to that fascin- 
ating game dedicated to his satanic majesty 
and the professors of the sartorial art, com- 
monly known as "The Devil among the 
Tailors." 

Forty feet below the street level is a vast 
chamber, a subterranean wonderland, in 
which, by day and night, there beats and 
throbs the mighty force that imparts mechan- 
ical life and energy. As in all other features 
of the Hotel Henry, its power plant possesses 
an individuality peculiarly its own; it stands 
unequalled in its completeness. It is not an 
"engine room" but a veritable machinery 



23 



hall filled with the latest products of mechan- 
ical genius and invention. The installation 
of this plant required a cash outlay approxi- 
mating two hundred and fifty thousand dol- 
lars. Electricity is the dominating force 
employed, and to produce this gives constant 
employment to two Westinghouse generators 
of 800 amperes each, with a third of equal 
power held in reserve. These generators 
are operated by two Walrath gas engines of 
150 horse-power each. The Walrath is the 
most modern and expensive gas engine made 
and in addition to the pair in constant service 
a third of similar horse-power stands in readi- 
ness to take up the burden in case of emer- 




Reception Hall 
24 




25 




Parlor, Colonial Suite 
26 



gency. Inaddition to this sextette of electrical 
producers are two Ideal steam engines of 90 
horse-power each, coupled up with a team of 
Seaman and Halskey generators, each capa- 
ble of producing 460 amperes of irresistible 
energy. A 90 horse-power electric motor 
imparts action to two 30-ton refrigerating 
machines which supply the hygienic ice and 
the cold storage used upon the premises. 
The steam used for heating the building and 
for distilling purposes is furnished by two 
Scotch Marine boilers of 150 horse-power 
each, which also operate two pumps, one 
12x10x12, the other 8x10x8, which dis- 
tribute the thousands of gallons of hot 
and cold water consumed daily. A third 
boiler of the same power, and two auxiliary 
pumps, are held in reserve subject to de- 
mand. The water thus distributed is sub- 
jected to the sanitation of a quartette of 
filters of the largest size and most scientific 
construction. Three electric motors of 30 
horse-power each find constant employment 
in the operation of the elevators. Another 
30 horse-power motor drives the twenty-five 
different machines which perform the me- 
chanical labor in the laundry, the equipment 
of which is conceded the most modern and 
complete of any in the country. A small 
motor provides power for three dumbwaiters 
which travel from the kitchen to the upper 



27 




28 




29 



dining-room. And still another produces a 
speed of 350 revolutions per minute to an 
exhaust fan, 100 inches in diameter, and to 
two ventilating fans, each 5 feet in diameter, 
w^hich from their positions upon the roof 
create an unceasing circulation of purified 
air in every nook and corner of the building. 
It v^ould be difficult to conceive anything 
more cheerful, bright and artistic than the 
lobby of the Hotel Henry — a long, w^ide, 
high ceilinged hall, through the center of 
which stretches a classic colonnade of mass- 
ive marble pillars. Each column is highly 
polished and surmounted by a gilded cap, 
and at the base of each stands an ornamental 



n \ '^ 



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Marie Antoinette Bed-Room 
30 





Bed-Room 

urn filled with rare plants, palms and ferns. 
A wainscoating of Italian marble rises from 
the marble floor to a height of 5 feet, the 
walls above being decorated with frescoed 
panels. In each panel is emblazoned the 
Henry crest with its Latin inscription, ''Amat 
Victoria Curam," the literal translation of 
which is, ''Success is attained by careful at- 
tention." A profusion of heavy leather- 
covered chairs, sofas and high-backed settees 
add an air of appreciable ease and comfort. 
In its adaption to the utilitarian require- 
ments of the Hotel and its guests, care has 
been taken to provide amply for the needs 



31 




Parlor, Louis XV 



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Bed Room, Louis XV 
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of both, without disturbance of the artistic 
unities. Near the main entrance is a flower 
stand stocked with the choicest specimens of 
floral growth. Midway in the lobby's length, 
in a bank-like enclosure, are the offices of the 
manager, book-keeper, auditor and cashiers, 
and the clerk's desk. Opposite is the news 
and cigar stand, the telephone exchange 
with its sound-proof booths, and a telegraph 
office. In a balcony at either end are the 
individual writing desks and the stenograph- 
ers' stations, and in the center is the music 
balcony, where three orchestral concerts are 
given daily. The most noticeable feature of 
the lobby is its ceiling, upon which appears 




Bar, Hotel Henry 
33 




Billiard Room 
Barber Shop 



34 



a decorative design absolutely unique and 
characteristic. It is the conception of Mr. 
D. F. Henry, owner of the hotel, and in its 
execution is reflected that gentleman's favor- 
ite pastime, the study of history, particularly 
that appertaining to Pittsburg and its sur- 
roundings. The sw^eep of ceiling is fash- 
ioned in large and small panels, each encased 
in a projecting boundary which imparts to it 
a frame-like appearance. The body of each 
panel is of a rich golden hue, with the ends 
and sides embellished with the frescoer's 
choicest efforts. In each corner of the larger 
panels is a medallion, and each medallion 
contains a pictorial representation of some 
scene or episode pertinent to local history. 
The interest manifested in these absorbing 
chapters of historical reminiscence has been 
and continues so great that it is deemed 
proper to append herewith a catalogue of 
the subjects, together with a brief but care- 
fully compiled sketch of each. 



w 



Catalogue ^//Historical Pictures 

Picture No. i , in Panel No. i , is a view of 
Fort Du Quesne, which was situated on the 
tip of the tongue of land formed by the 
Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers where 
those streams join and form the noble Ohio. 
The location of a fort at this point was largely 
due to the recommendation of George Wash- 
ington, who arrived here on the 24th of 
November, 1753, while on his way to a con- 
ference with the French commandant fur- 
ther up the Allegheny river. In his journal 
under the above date he writes: ''I spent 
some time in viewing the river, and the land 
in the fork, which I think extremely well 
situated for a fort, as it has the absolute com- 
mand of both rivers." On the 17th of Feb- 
ruary, 1754, Captain Trent with a company 
of about thirty-five British soldiers arrived at 
the point, and at once began the 
erection of the new fort. Their 
labor progressed without inter- 
f^ ruption until the i6th day of 

', April, 1754, when a French 

officer. Monsieur Contre- 
coeur, in command of a large 
army of Indians and French- 
men, appeared upon the 
scene and demanded an im- 
mediate surrender. France 




36 



Fort Du Ouesne 





and England were at peace 
at that time, and the action 
of Contrecoeur was based 
upon his assumption that the 
Enghsh were invading the 
territory of his King. Resis- 
tance to the overwhelming 
force of Contrecoeur being 
out of all question, the English 
complied with his demands and 
capitulated. Having thus secured 
possession, Contrecoeur immediately pro- 
ceeded to complete the fort, which he named 
in honor of his commander. Marquise Du 
Quesne de Menneville, Governor of Canada. 
The French held Fort Du Quesne until the 
25th of November, 1758, when, beset by a 
British-American army under command of 
General John Forbes, they applied the torch, 
blew up their magazines, and, taking to their 
boats, retreated down the Ohio. The Eng- 
lish, having again come into possession of 
the point, at once began the erection of a 
small fort a little west of the smouldering 
ruins of Fort Du Quesne, which was com- 
pleted about January ist, 1759, and named 
Fort Pitt, in honor of William Pitt, who had 
recently become Prime Minister of England. 
During the winter of 1759-60 a much larger 
and more formidable fortification was built 
upon the site of Fort Du Quesne, which was 



No. 2 
Block 
House 



37 




No. 3 

McKees 

Rocks 



also named Fort Pitt. A 
,^^^ number of log houses were 
SH now clustered about Fort 
'^HH Pitt, and the little settlement 
^B| took the name of Pittsboro, 
^ which was soon changed to 
Pittsburgh. In October, 1772, 
GeneralGage, commander-in- 
chief of the British forces in 
America, ordered the abandon- 
ment of the fort as a military post. 
In carrying out this order, Major Edmund- 
son sold the buildings for the sum of fifty 
pounds. Although abandoned, the fort was 
not destroyed, and in January, 1774, Colonel 
John Connelly, without authority from the 
British Government, but acting under orders 
from Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia, 
who sought to extend the boundary of his 
State into that of Pennsylvania, took posses- 
sion of it, repaired it, and named it Fort 
Dunmore. This title was never officially 
recognized, and on the nth of September, 
1775, it ceased to exist, as on that date its 
occupation under the name of Fort Pitt was 
accomplished by Captain John Neville, acting 
under instruction of the Virginia Provincial 
Convention. During the Revolutionary War 
it was occupied by Continental troops, sub- 
sequently falling into disuse, and eventually 
disappearing and passing into history. 



38 



Picture No. 2 is that of the Block House, 
a redoubt built in 1764, and still standing — 
a sturdy memorial of successful strife against 
a savage foe that sought the annihilation of 
Pittsburgh's strenuous pioneers. Besieged 
by Pontiac's ferocious warriors, bent upon 
the destruction of all persons white of skin. 
Fort Pitt for many weeks stood bravely the 
brunt of savage onslaught. Gathered within 
its walls were the surviving settlers and trad- 
ers and their women and children, and gath- 
ered without were the blood-thirsty Indians^ 
constantly assailing by shot and burning ar- 
rows, seeking by famine, fire or fatigue to 
encompass their obliteration. And in this 
emergency, when all but hope had fled,, 
there came a fighting column that threw 
itself upon the foe and drove them to the 
hills and forest. The leader of this gallant 
force was Colonel Henry Boquet, a Swiss by 
birth, who had seen military ser- - > 

vice in Europe. The siege being ,. 
raised, and the protection of the ^ 
locality insured by the pres- ^* 
ence of Colonel Boquet's ^^^ 
forces, the inhabitants of the Jj^P 
little community returned '"^****"^ 
to their despoiled habita- 
tions and began anew their 
interrupted avocations. It 
was for their protection, to 



n 



39 



No. 4 

Pittsburgh 

in 1817 



insure them a safe retreat in case of attack, 
that Colonel Boquet built the redoubt. It 
was situated a few hundred yards outside the 
fort, which probably accounts for its escape 
from the gradual demolition of Fort Pitt. It 
was built partly of logs hewn from the virgin 
forest and partly of bricks brought from Eng- 
land, and that these international compon- 
ents were welded to good purpose is attested 
by its present condition, for, with the excep- 
tion of some slight renovations, the brave old 
retreat stands as it was built. In 1894, the 
local chapter of the Daughters of the Amer- 
ican Revolution secured it by gift from its 
owner, Mrs. Mary Schenley. If that body of 
patriotic women can circumvent the machin- 
ations of Commercialism — a far more potent 
and rapacious foe than the Indians which 
caused its creation — they will preserve it 
until such time as that grim old warrior. 
Decay, shall invest it with his in- 
sidious forces of dissolution. 
Picture No. 3 is a view of 
\ McKees Rocks, a thriving 

suburb of Pittsburgh, whose 
history is contemporaneous 
with that of Fort Pitt. The 
place takes its name from 
its first white owner, Alex- 
ia ander McKee, who was a 
trader with the Indians from 



40 



No. 5 

Pittsburgh 
in 1825 




1768 until 1772, carrying on 
large transactions with the 
natives and amassing much 
property and influence. In 
1772 he was appointed a 
deputy Indian agent, which 
office he held for several 
years. McKee had built a 
pretentious log home upon the 
almost inaccessible heights of 
the rocks, and within it, in August, 
1777, was hatched a conspiracy to murder all 
the Whigs in the West. The plot was par- 
tially exposed, but the conspirators — McKee, 
Matthew Elliott, Simon Girty (the 'White 
Savage") and several others — succeeded in 
allaying the suspicion of their participation. 
During several subsequent months McKee 
quietly disposed of much of his property, 
and on the night of March 28th, 1778, he, 
with Elliott and Girty and four others, aban- 
doned the timber-walled rendezvous and 
under cover of the darkness stole away to 
cast their lots with the enemies of their coun- 

Picture No. 4 is a view of Pittsburgh in 
1817, one year after it had been incorporated 
a city. It is from a sketch made by Mrs. 
John Gibson while on her wedding trip from 
Philadelphia. 

Picture No. 5, the first in panel No. 2, is 



No. 6 
Great fir 
in 1845 



41 




No. 7 

Old Trinitv 

in 1784 



a view of Pittsburgh in 1825. 

It shows the water craft on 

the Monongahela River and 

the first bridge crossing that 

stream. This bridge was a 

wooden structure resting 

upon seven stone piers. It 

was covered with a pointed 

roof, and at intervals in its side 

walls were cut open windows to 

admit light It was built in 1816, 

partly demolished by the big flood of 1832, 

and destroyed by the great fire of 1845. 

Picture No. 6 is ot a period twenty years 
later, and illustrates the great calamity of 
1845. Just as the mill whistles and factory 
bells were sounding the noon hour on April 
loth of that year, a washerwoman who lived 
in a little shanty on the south-east corner of 
Ferry and Second street, now Second avenue, 
was dividing her attention between the prep- 
aration of dinner on her kitchen fire and the 
boiling of a batch of wash on a battered stove 
in a little shed in the back yard. In order 
to devote herself to her corned beef and cab- 
bage and at the same time advance her labor, 
she filled the ramshackel fire-pot so full of 
coal that within a very few minutes its over- 
heated pipe set fire to the shed There was 
a strong blow of wind and in an incredibly 
short space of time the flames were fanned 



42 



to the little house, jumped from it to its 
neighbors, and then to a large cotton mill 
on the opposite corner. The fire thus started 
swept over an area of forty acres and did not 
cease until practically everything in its path- 
way had succumbed. It destroyed 1,200 
buildings and entailed a loss of over eight 
million dollars. 

Picture No. 7 is "Old Trinity" Church— 
a structure of peculiar architecture, but of 
vast importance in the ecclesiastical life of 
Pittsburgh. This pioneer of the Episcopal 
faith, the '' Round Church " as it was called, 
was built in 1805 on the triangular square 
bounded by Liberty, Wood, and Sixth street 
(now Sixth avenue). The site was granted 
by John Penn, Jr., in 1787. From 1797 until 
the Round Church was built, its first pastor, 
Rev. John Taylor, conducted services in the 
open air, in private dwellings, halls, and the 
court house. 

Picture No. 8 recalls a cal- 
amity which occurred on the 
morning of May 6th, 185 1. / 
The scene is the burning of 
St. Paul's Cathedral, the 
predecessor of the present 
Cathedral at Fifth avenue 
and Grant street, the corner 
stone of which was laid on 
June 15th, 1851, forty days 



43 



No. 8 

Burning of St. 

Paul's Cathedral 

in 1851 




after the catastrophe. The first edifice was 
begun in 1829 and dedicated on Sunday, 
May 4th, 1834. It became a Cathedral on 
August 7th, 1843, on which day the rector, 
Rev. Michael O'Connor, was consecrated 
Bishop. 

The initial picture. No. 9, in panel No. 3, 
is a view of Semple's Tavern, Pittsburgh's 
first hostelry, built in 1764. This ancient 
inn was originally built of logs, but at a later 
date it was weather boarded. Until lately it 
stood upon its original site at the corner of 
Water and Ferry streets, but was demolished 
to make way for the incoming of a new factor 
in Pittsburgh's railway life. It was a sad- 
looking relic of the past, and was used as a 
cheap lodging-house; but in the month of 
October, 1770, it had as guest Major George 
Washington, then on his second visit to Fort 
Pitt, who immortalized it by entering in his 
journal his complimentary opinion 
that "Mine host Semple keeps a 
very good house of public en- 
tertainment." 

Picture No. 10 is reminis- 
cent of the year 1788, its 
subject being Pittsburgh's 
first Post-Office, which was 
located in a general store 
on Water street, near Ferry 
street. 




44 




In those days it cost one 
shilling to send a letter forty 
miles, while its transmission 
to Philadelphia entailed an 
outlay of 37J4 cents. Mr. 
John Scull, founder of the 
''Pittsburgh Gazette," was 
the first postmaster, and the 
receipts of his office during the 
first year were $110.99. 

Picture No. 1 1 , Pittsburgh's first 
theatre, sometimes called ''Old Drury." 
Built about 1818, it stood on Third street, 
now Third avenue, upon the site now occu- 
pied by the rear elevation of the Dollar Sav- 
ings Bank building. Immediately following 
its erection, a number of young men and 
women, surfeited with the monotony of 
school exhibitions and Sunday-school con- 
certs, and imbued with that unexplainable 
longing which only the glare of the foot- 
lights can satisfy, organized the "Thespian 
Society," and presented to the inhabitants 
their first glimpse into the subtle mirror in 
which nature is supposed to be reflected. 
Later on, professional actors, supported by 
the local talent, took the centre of the stage 
and basked in its candle glare. In those 
days Pittsburgh did not enjoy its present 
distinction of being the "Best Show Town 
on Earth," and the Thespian Society hoed 



No. 10 

First 

Post-Office 



45 




No. 11 

First 

Theatre 



many hard histrionic rows 
which eventually resulted in 
its disintegration and aban- 
donment. 

Picture No. 12 represents 
the ''Basin" and principal 
landing-place of the Penn- 
sylvania canal, upon whose 
transformed site now rises the 
Pennsylvania Railroad's Union 
Station. The Pennsylvania canal 
was begun in 1826, and the first boat from 
the East landed in the ''Basin" on the loth 
day of November, 1829. Although long 
since obliterated and relegated to the hal- 
lowed realm of memory, the "Basin" was 
not only a feature of Pittsburgh's younger 
days, but a locality of national importance 
as well. It formed the dividing line of 
travel, the gateway to the West and South. 
Thousands upon thousands of pioneers dis- 
embarked at this point, and taking passage 
down the Ohio, in boats and on barges, pro- 
ceeded upon their various ways to build 
homes in the forest and found cities in the 
wilderness. Though lacking in the bustle, 
turmoil and pandemonium of street noises 
which characterize the locality to-day, the 
"Basin" throughout its existence was Pitts- 
burgh's busiest centre, and its memory is 
worthy of perpetuation. 



46 




Two Views of Power Plant 



47 



Panel No. 4, picture No. 13, Allegheny 
County's first Court-House, was built in 1789 
and continued in judicial service until 1841, 
after which it was used for various purposes 
until 1852, when it was torn down to make 
way for the present market house. 

Picture No. 14, the second Court-House, 
the predecessor of the noble structure which 
rears its proud form upon the apex of the his- 
torical Grant's Hill. This building, erected 
in 1841, was destroyed by fire on May 7, 1882. 
Picture No. 15, the Western University 
of Pennsylvania in 1840 — a lineal descendant 
of the Pittsburgh Academy, established by 
Act of Legislature in 1787, and predecessor 
of the renowned seat of learning now located 
upon the beautiful eminence of Observatory 
Hill, in Allegheny. It was located on Third 
street, now Third avenue, at the corner of 
what is now Cherry alley, and was destroyed 
<-:;gg by the Great Fire of 1845. Honored 

and beloved as is the Western 
University to-day, the history 
of its original establishment is 
the only bar sinister upon the 
escutcheon of Pittsburgh's 
early inhabitants. It may be 
that the struggle for exist- 
ence before the dawn of the 
nineteenth century preclud- 
ed the pursuit of knowledge; 




48 

No, 12 

Canal Basin 

Site of Union Station 




t^HK -|- but whatever the cause, the 

Hf f. I lamentable fact remains that 

for a number of years the 
^ affairs of the Pittsburgh Aca- 
;*J demy continued in a pre- 
^ carious condition. However, 
as time progressed, condi- 
tions changed, knowledge was 
sought, and unhappy failure 
blossomed into success. 
Picture No. i6 is a view of Pitts- 
courtHoSe burgh's Allegheny River front as it appeared 
in 1850. At this date the city was divided 
into nine wards and had a population of about 
forty thousand. 

Panel No. 5, Picture No. 17, is Wain- 
wright's Island, which was situated in the 
Allegheny River, opposite the upper end of 
Herr's Island. The channel between it and 
Pittsburgh has long since been filled, so that 
the Island is now part of the main- 
land. It was at this point, on 
December 28th, 1753, that the 
immortal Washington came 
near losing his life. While 
no open hostilities had oc- 
curred between the French 
and English, the former had 
become very aggressive in 
their operations in Pennsyl- 
vania and Ohio; and in order .* 



^^'^- 




49 



No. 14 

Second 

Court House 




No. Id 
Western Penn'a 
University, 1840 



to learn their intentions, and 
incidentally their strength, 
in that debatable territory. 
Governor Dinwiddle of Vir- 
ginia commissioned Major 
Washington, then about 22 
_ years of age, to visit the lo- 
/ cality in pursuit of the required 
information. Washington pro- 
ceeded as far north as the French 
fort near the head of FrenchCreek, 
and having fulfilled that portion of his mis- 
sion, he started upon his return journey to 
De-un-da-ga, the Indian name for the forks 
of the rivers where Pittsburgh now stands. 
Washington was accompanied by a guide, 
Christopher Gist; and on Christmas Day, 
their horses giving out, they strapped their 
packs upon their backs, and with gun in 
hand (for treacherous savages were about) 
they started of¥ on foot through ;^v. 
the woods to gain the Allegheny 
river. They expected to cross 
upon the frozen stream, but 
upon reaching the bank 
found that the ice extended ^ .^. 
but a short distance from ^^ 
shore. In this emergency v. r 
they constructed a rude raft, f 
their only tools being their ^. 
hunting knives and a small -- 



50 




No. 16 

Pittsburgh 

in 1850 




hatchet. The mid-channel 
of the stream was a rush of 
turbulent water and a crush 
of grinding ice, but they 
launched their ifrail craft, 
and with the slender limbs 
of a tree for poles, pushed 
boldly into the torrent. Wash- 
ington's rude pike became en- 
tangled in the crush, and the 
next instant he was floundering in 
fifteen feet of the coldest water in which 
any mortal ever took an involuntary bath. 
Thanks to his own quick wit and Gist's 
nerve and strength, he regained a footing on 
the raft and finally landed on Wainwright's 
Island. The channel between the island and 
the main shore was solidly frozen, and the 
hardy pair were soon proceeding to their 
destination. 

Picture No. i8 — a spot on the ' _ 

west bank of the Allegheny river, 
about five miles from Pitts- 
burgh, where, upon a little 
knoll, beneath the branches 
of a noble elm, lies buried 
one who in life exerted a 
powerful influence in the 
early history of this locality, 
Gyasutta, a great chief of 
the Seneca tribe of Indians, 




51 



No. 18 

Gyasi'tta's 

Grave 




No. 19 

Point 

Bridge 



and chief lieutenant 
I of Pontiac during 
the uprising of the 
Six Nations in 1763. 
During the days of his 
power Gyasutta was a 
splendid specimen of the 
Noble Red Man; but after the Revolution, 
and in the waning days of the Six Tribes, 
he fell into careless and dissolute ways, which 
continued throughout the remainder of his 
life. 

Picture No. 19 — the Point Bridge, crossing 
the Monongahela river just before that 
stream enters the Ohio. This bridge was 
built in 1876, by Roebling. 

Picture No. 20 — The Carnegie Institute, 
a magnificent building presented to the city 
by Andrew Carnegie. Erected in 1895, it 
contains an equally magnificent library, art 
gallery, and museum — free to the people. It 
also includes a music hall, the home of the 
PittsburghOrchestra, and therein on two days 
of each week is given a free organ recital. 

Panel No. 6, Picture No. 
21, is the Monongahela 
River, viewed from a 
point overlooking the 
now thriving town 
of Braddock. It was 
at this point, on July 





9th, i75';,that a magnificent 
army under the British mih- 
tary commander, General 
Braddock, met with a ter- 
rible defeat and slaughter. 
General Braddock being 
y among the slain. Braddock's 
/ army was marching against 
/ FortDuQuesne, then occupied 
^ by the French. The General, 
headstrong, obstinate and over- 
bearmg, and totally unacquainted with the 
Indian mode of warfare, persisted, in spite 
of the pleadings and warnings of his aides 
(General John St. Clair and Major George 
Washington) in entering the enemy's country 
with all the dress parade and brass band 
effects of a spectacular military pageant. 
While thus proceeding his command was 
ambushed by an inferior body of French 
and Indians who had watched its theatric 
maneuvers and who had taken their own 
time to encompass its utter demoralization 
and rout. 

Picture No. 22 -Thi 
gheny Arsenal. This now 
dismantled stronghold 
of the National Gov- 
ernment was built in 
1814, upon ground 
purchased from W. 




Arsenal 




Kitchen 
Laundry 



54 




B. Foster, father of Stephen 
Foster, the song writer who 
gave to the world the per- 
ennial melody of "The 
Suwanee River," etc. Dur- 
ing the Civil War ammu- 
nition, infantry and cavalry 
equipments and gun carriages 
were manufactured here, giving 
employment to twelve hundred 
persons. On September 17th, 1862, 
a store of gun-powder exploded, killing 74 
people. For many years the Arsenal grounds 
served for the gathering of the citizens, and 
many a patriotic outburst has found vent 
within its encompassing walls. 

Picture No. 23 is a view of the Pennsyl- 
vania railroad, with its four tracks for pas- 
senger and freight transportation. The 
locality illustrated is at the Shady Side Station 
and is produced to show the pres- 
ent condition of railway main- 
tenance as contrasted with the 
''two streaks of rust" of by- 
gone days when railroading 
was in its infancy. 

Panel No. 7, Picture No. 
24, shows the Lake in Alle- 
gheny Park. Although to- 
day Pittsburgh contains one 
big and one beautiful park 



55 





No. 25 



Highland 
Park 



it was for many years 
overshadowed by its 
neighboring city in 
its provision of a pub- 
he pleasure ground. 
The location depicted in 
this view was for many years 
a big, unsightly '^common," on one part of 
which stood the old Western Penitentiary. 

Picture No. 25 is Highland Park — set in 
the apex of a romantic eminence, a beauty 
spot upon the face of an industrial Queen, 
the sun-kissed gem in the diadem of pictur- 
esque Pittsburgh. The view presented is 
that seen from the reservoir, looking over 
the artistic sweep of horticulture toward 
the sculptured entrance. Highland Park 
covers a considerable area; it contains fine 
drives, a petite lake, a zoo, and a wealth of 
scenic effects designed by nature and ma- 
tured by art. 

Pictures Nos. 26 and 27, in 
Panel No. 7, and Pictures Nos. 
28, 29, 30 and 31, in Panel No. 
8, are illustrations of the vari- 
ous industries which contri- 
bute much to Pittsburgh's 
greatness. The first is an 
Oil Refinery, wherein finds 
purification the rich fluid 
drawn from nature's mys- 




56 



No. 26 
Oil Refinery 




No. 27 



terious subterranean store- 
house to provide lubricants, 
ointments and illuminants 
for mortal use. The sec- 
. ond is a plant of the Na- 
tional Fireproofing Com- 
y^.^ pany, which produces 95 per 
7^ cent, of the non-combustible 
'."^ material used in the modern 
and protective construction of 
buildings of this country. The 
third shows a range of Oil Wells, with its 
forest of derricks; the fourth, a Coal Tip- 
ple; the fifth, a Blast Furnace; and the sixth, 
a Coal Fleet on the Ohio River. 

Picture No. 32 forms one of the decora- 
tive features of the bar. Its subject is a 
dusky but beautiful maiden, garbed in sav- 
age drapery, crossing a stream upon the 
stepping-stones of a rocky ford. Its title is 
"O-ta-wa-ta," which, translated 
from the Indian tongue, means 
''White Pigeon." 

''O-ta-wa-ta" was the hero- 
ine of a life drama as full of 
adventure and romance as 
was ever coined in the im- 
agery of fiction. She was 
a white girl of French des- 
cent, born in Maryland in 
1764, and named Catherine 



57 





No. 32. O-TA-A 



58 



Malott. In 1779, Peter Malott and his wife 
and five children, including Kate, as she 
was called, left Maryland for Kentucky. 
At Fort Redstone, on the Monongahela 
River, they, in company with several other 
families, embarked upon two boats and 
proceeded down the river. Peter Mallot 
was in charge of the first boat, which was 
loaded with stock; his own and the other 
families were upon the other. Shortly after 
passing Fort Pitt the emigrants were attacked 
by Indians, who succeeded in capturing the 
second boat, the other escaping. The In- 
dians were of mixed tribes, and after the 
attack hurried to their various villages bear- 
ing their captives and loot. The Mallot 
family was completely scattered, Kate being 
Ccirried to a village of the Shawnees, where 
her great beauty immediately won for her 
especial consideration and adoption by the 
tribe. When she had been a cap- 
tive some tour years, being then 
about nineteen years of age 
a beautiful, graceful and win- 
some nymph of the woods- 
there came one day to her 
forest home a noted trader 
Simon Girty — a desperado, 
a renegade, a ''white sav- 
age," but a man of power- 
ful influence among the 



59 





No. 30 



\ Indians. When Girty saw 
\ the ''White Pigeon" he im- 
mediately fell in love with 
her. He learned her his- 
tory, and by promising to 
restore her to her parents, 
prevailed upon her to fly 
with him. By his aid she suc- 
ceeded in making her escape, 
and shortly thereafter they were 
married. Her married life was 
Blast not the happiest, for Girty was addicted to 
drink and a fiend when under its influence. 
His business as Indian trader necessitated 
many wanderings and changes of abode. 
Brutalit\^ compelled her to forsake her hus- 
band, and with her children she went to 
Detroit, where some years later she and 
Girty became reconciled. Girty became 
totally blind, and she cared for him in his 
affliction and nursed him until his death. 

Other Art Works 

Rich as is the Henry's panelled ceiling in 
historical and reminiscent delineation, so also 
are the walls of the stately edifice in other 
schools of art. 

In 1903, Mr. D. F. Henry, owner of the 
hotel, while making a tour of Europe, 
gathered into a collection over two hundred 
pictures, oil paintings, water colors, prints, 



60 



etchings and engravings. No particular lo- 
cality or school of art was drawn upon, Paris, 
Berlin, Geneva, Florence, Rome and Venice 
contributing to the accumulation. While a 
great variety of subjects was selected, each 
bears the imprint of modern tone and treat- 
ment. The landscapes are mirrored from 
the nature of to-day, the character studies 
sketched from living models, and the scenes 
depicted as the artists saw them. For two 
months this magnificent collection was on 
view in one of the large parlors of the hotel, 
which was transformed into a pretentious 
art gallery and thrown open to the public. 
Upon the completion of the exhibition the 
pictures were distributed throughout the 
hotel. 

Among those that grace the lobby are the 
following, their numbers being taken from 
the catalogue prepared for the exhibition: 
No. 28, from the brush of Madame Palade 
Bonnah,is entitled, ''And spinning she dream- 
eth." The subject is a beautiful girl seated 
at a spinning wheel. Beneath the title are 
the lines — 

*'No blush of shame, e'er set aflame 
This face of gidish innocence. ' ' 

No. 67, "The Flower 
Girl." No. 38, "A 
study of Neapolitan 



Lif 



IS a large 




No. 31 

Coal Fleet on 

the Ohio 



canvas upon which the artist, A. MeUica, 
has depicted one of the old dismantled 
palaces of Naples with the swarming ten- 
antry that now exists where magnificence 
and pomp once reigned. 

No. 6, a large canvas from the brush of 
Gorio V. Bianchini, entitled "The Wild 
Boar at Bay." 

A variety of character studies hang upon 
the walls of the Dutch room, among which 
are: 

No. I, a masterful delineation of impu- 
dence; a study of Italian vagabond life, en- 
titled "What care I?" aptly described by 
the lines — 

'*For gold or dross, what care I ? 
For fields or floss, what care I ? 
A lass, a pipe, a pleasant sky ! 
What care I, what care I ? " 

No. 42, a study of Neapolitan low life, 
" Poverty in a Palace." 

**Unmindful of the present, unthinking of the past. 
With dumb content, midst glories spent 
He breaks his sullen fast." 

No. 46, a Neapolitan character study, 
"Your Health." 

** Battered by years of weather and stress. 

Toothless and wrinkled with age and decay. 
Palsied and senile with scant power to bless. 
The prodigal giver of wine for to-day." 

Space will not permit a more extended 
mention or description of this treasury of 



62 



art. The walls of the parlors and corridors 
are lined with its beauties and fittingly bear 
out the oft-repeated assertion that the mod- 
ern hotel has become something more than 
a mere place of eating and sleeping. In its 
magnitude and entirety the Hotel Henry is 
a pre-eminent exemplification of the possi- 
bilities of public service combined with the 
material and artistic characteristics of a pub- 
lic educator. 



63 





64 



About Pittsburgh 

To review the present and then to recall 
the past, it is hard to beheve that less than 
a hundred years ago Pittsburgh was a small 
trading town of absolutely no importance as 
a manufacturing community. Yet Pittsburgh 
was not unknown even in the early days, for 
its rich soil, whose minerals have advanced 
civilization, was first baptized with human 
blood during scenes of international war — 
nor will she ever be forgotten for the good 
accomplished then. 

To-day the Pittsburgh district — which 
means practically Pittsburgh — is the greatest 
industrial and manufacturing center in the 
world. Its great mills and factories represent 
an employed capital of over $2,000,000,000 
and pour out their products to the ends of 
the earth. Nearly all of these products are 
staples, and therefore a necessity to the peo- 
ple of the entire world. 

Figures recently compiled, after careful 
research, by the Chamber of Commerce, 
show that Pittsburgh originates by far the 
largest tonnage of any city in the world. 
The products are enumerated as coal, coke, 
iron, steel, glass, petroleum, tools, imple- 
ments of all kinds, firebrick, clay, pottery, 
building materials and hundreds of other 
manufactured articles in general demand. 



65 



The estimated tonnage of material, in- 
cluding coal, steel rails, etc., shipped from 
this city by way of the Ohio amounts to 
10,000,000 tons annually, while the com- 
bined river and rail tonnage is something 
over 80,000,000 tons. 

The coal territory of the Pittsburgh dis- 
trict covers 14,000 square miles, or 2,000 
square miles more than the total coal terri- 
tory of all Great Britain. It produces one- 
half the coal output of the United States 
and more than one-eighth of the world's 
production. 

Allegheny County produces one-fourth of 
the total pig-iron output of the United States; 
over 22 per cent, of the total production of 
Bessemer steel ingots and castings; over 47 
per cent, of the total production of open- 
hearth steel ingots and castings; nearly 57 
per cent, of the crucible steel; over 38 per 
cent, of all kinds of steel; over 24 per cent, 
of all kinds of rails; over 60 per cent, of 
structural shapes; over 32 per cent, of all 
rolled products. 

One-half of the glass manufactured in the 
United States is produced in Pennsylvania 
and handled from the central offices in Pitts- 
burgh. More than 40 per cent, of the total 
production of the United States is credited 
to Pittsburgh. 

LofQ. 



66 



Pittsburgh leads all other cities in the man- 
ufacture of white and red lead. In the output 
of manufactured copper Pittsburgh leads the 
country. Pittsburgh has the largest pickling 
and preserving works in the world, using the 
product of 18,000 acres of land. 

The city also excels in the manufacture of 
boilers and engines, coal drilling machines, 
drop forgings, railway supplies, stoves, vaults, 
varnishes, brick, tile, terra cotta, cork and 
copper. 

Brass is quite extensively converted into 
useful and ornamental products, about 100,- 
000 tons of the metal being used annually by 
local manufacturers. In the way of manu- 
factured copper the output has no equal. 

The mining industry in Pennsylvania has 
made Pittsburgh one of the greatest markets 
for explosives in the United States. About 
600,000 kegs of powder, each weighing 25 
pounds, are used annually in the Pittsburgh 
mining district and neighboring rock quar- 
ries for blasting purposes. Dynamite is also 
extensively used for these purposes. 

Astronomical instruments are sent from 
Pittsburgh to all parts of the world and were 
awarded the grand prize at the Paris Exposi- 
tion. 

Pittsburgh produces a third of the paper 
sacks made in America. It has the largest 
cork factory in the country, and produces 



67 




68 



millions of cork stoppers annually. Here is 
made a tumbler and a bottle for every man, 
wornan and child in America each year. 

Pittsburgh roasts more coffee than any 
other city on earth. The combined sales 
of the wholesale grocery houses amount to 
$25,000,000 annually. More than 500,000 
barrels of flour, nearly 1,000,000 bushels of 
wheat, almost 1,750,000 bushels of corn, 
4,500,000 bushels of oats, 500,000 bushels 
of rye (95 per cent, of which is used in 
Pittsburgh distilleries) , 20,000 tons of feed 
and 70,000 tons of hay were received in 
Pittsburgh last year. It takes $50,000,000 
worth of produce to supply the Pittsburgh 
district every year. Pittsburgh is the greatest 
consumer of fruit and garden truck in the 
United States. The Grain Exchange record 
shows $10,000,000 of business annually. 

There are 16 soap factories in Pittsburgh; 
the annual sale of soap in the city exceeds 
$3,000,000. More than 500,000 30-gallon 
barrels of pickles are put up each year here. 

The tobacco trade of Pittsburgh is assum- 
ing enormous proportions. The Pittsburgh 
stogie is invading every village in the United 
States. About 140 firms are engaged in the 
manufacture of this distinctive product, one 
firm producing 75,000,000 stogies last year. 
More than 1,300 car-loads of leaf tobacco 
are required for the manufacture of stogies 



69 



yearly. One concern uses 5,000,000 pounds 
of tobacco each year, and one cigar factory 
produces 25,000,000 cigars annually. 

The stove and range manufacturing indus- 
try represents a capital of $2,000,000, while 
fully $5,000 is paid in daily wages to boiler 
makers. The 6,000 men employed in the 
locomotive works earn over $2,000,000 annu- 
ally. The demand for drop forgings has in- 
creased the local output more than $1 ,250,000 
a year; something like $1,000,000 is invested 
in the production of drop forgings. 

This city has the largest salt-producing 
well in the world, yielding about 2,000 bar- 
rels daily. The largest chemical works in 
the world is located at Natrona, a suburb of 
Pittsburgh, with a yearly output of more than 
half a million tons of bi-carbonate of soda, 
sal soda and caustic soda, sulphuric acid, 
muriatic acid, etc. The combined output 
of the 38 brick-making plants exceeds 50,- 
000,000 bricks annually. The largest alum- 
inum making plant in the world is also here. 

Some idea of Pittsburgh's greatness as a 
railroad freight center, and the amount of 
material, can be gathered from a glance at 
the following dry figures: Pittsburgh is at 
the junction of fifteen great railroad lines. 
Here more freight cars are switched than in 
any other city in the world. A passenger 
train enters and leaves the city every two and 



70 



a half minutes. One-fifteenth of the whole 
railroad tonnage of the United States origin- 
ates here, where is also manufactured about 
$6,000,000 worth of railroad supplies annu- 
ally. 



71 



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